3D maps of the Brain
Posted by admin | Filed under NASA, Science
Van Wedeen, a Harvard radiology professor, is awestruck: “We’ve never really seen the brain – it’s been hiding in plain sight.” Conventional scanning has offered us a crude glimpse, but scientists such as Wedeen aim to produce the first ever three-dimensional map of all its neurons. They call this circuit diagram the “connectome”, and it could help us better understand everything from imagination and language to the miswirings that cause mental illness. But with 100 billion neurons hooked together by more connections than there are stars in the MilkyWay, the brain is a challenge that represents petabyte-level data.
So how much detail do they need? Wedeen, or the like-minded Human Connectome Project in the US, will tell you that it’s enough to chart the average pathways between areas of the brain (and that even this could take a decade to complete). However, this opinion has its critics: other scientists claim that a “true” connectome has to drill deeper, tracing each neuron and its hydra-headed links. It could be a fool’s errand, but for some it’s already their life’s work.
Wired spoke to three scientists, each using a different technique to create their own extraordinary mammalian connectome.
Above: Owl-monkey brain mapped by Van Wedeen
Wedeen used a souped-up MRI scanner to detect water diffusing along the fibres that link the different areas of an owl-monkey’s brain. He then traced where the broad circuitry lies and colour-coded it based on the direction of the tissue. The green, treelike structure on the left is the cerebellum, which handles perception. A next-generation scanner will allow him to image human brains. Wedeen says he wants to reveal “the symmetry and beauty in objects – from the outside, the brain is fairly ugly, but its architecture is beautiful and rational”.
Wired: Revealing the brain’s hidden connections
Tags: 3D, billions, Brain, connectome, Harvard radiology professor, maps, milkyway, NASA, neurons, Van Wedeen
Jupiter’s Moon Europa Has Enough Oxygen For Life
Posted by admin | Filed under NASA, Science
Jupiter’s Moon Europa Has Enough Oxygen For Life
October 16th, 2009
Enlarge
A model of Europa’s interior, including a global ocean. If a 100 kilometer-deep ocean existed below the Europan ice shell, it would be 10 times deeper than any ocean on Earth and would contain twice as much water as Earth’s oceans and rivers combined. Credit: NASA/JPL
New research suggests that there is plenty of oxygen available in the subsurface ocean of Europa to support oxygen-based metabolic processes for life similar to that on Earth. In fact, there may be enough oxygen to support complex, animal-like organisms with greater oxygen demands than microorganisms.
The global ocean on Jupiter’s moon Europa contains about twice the liquid water of all the Earth’s oceans combined. New research suggests that there may be plenty of oxygen available in that ocean to support life, a hundred times more oxygen than previously estimated.
The chances for life there have been uncertain, because Europa’s ocean lies beneath several miles of ice, which separates it from the production of oxygen at the surface by energetic charged particles (similar to cosmic rays). Without oxygen, life could conceivably exist at hot springs in the ocean floor using exotic metabolic chemistries, based on sulfur or the production of methane. However, it is not certain whether the ocean floor actually would provide the conditions for such life.
Therefore a key question has been whether enough oxygen reaches the ocean to support the oxygen-based metabolic process that is most familiar to us. An answer comes from considering the young age of Europa’s surface. Its geology and the paucity of impact craters suggests that the top of the ice is continually reformed such that the current surface is only about 50 million years old, roughly 1% of the age of the solar system.
Richard Greenberg of the University of Arizona has considered three generic resurfacing processes: gradually laying fresh material on the surface; opening cracks which fill with fresh ice from below; and disrupting patches of surface in place and replacing them with fresh material. Using estimates for the production of oxidizers at the surface, he finds that the delivery rate into the ocean is so fast that the oxygen concentration could exceed that of the Earth’s oceans in only a few million years. Greenberg presented his findings at the 41st meeting of the American Astronomical Society’s Division for Planetary Sciences now under way in Fajardo, Puerto Rico.
Greenberg says that the concentrations of oxygen would be great enough to support not only microorganisms, but also “macrofauna”, that is, more complex animal-like organisms which have greater oxygen demands. The continual supply of oxygen could support roughly 3 billion kilograms of macrofauna, assuming similar oxygen demands to terrestrial fish.
The good news for the question of the origin of life is that there would be a delay of a couple of billion years before the first surface oxygen reached the ocean. Without that delay, the first pre-biotic chemistry and the first primitive organic structures would be disrupted by oxidation. Oxidation is a hazard unless organisms have evolved protection from its damaging effects. A similar delay in the production of oxygen on Earth was probably essential for allowing life to get started here.
Richard Greenberg is the author of the recent book “Unmasking Europa: The Search for Life on Jupiter’s Ocean Moon”, which offers a comprehensive picture of Europa for the general reader.
Source: American Astronomical Society, via Astrobio.
Tags: Alien, chemistry, conditions, Europa, Ice, JPL, Jupiter, Life, liquid, microorganisms, moon, NASA, Ocean, Oxygen, Sulfur
It’s Official: Water Found on the Moon
Posted by admin | Filed under Alien, NASA, Science
Since man first touched the moon and brought pieces of it back to Earth, scientists have thought that the lunar surface was bone dry. But new observations from three different spacecraft have put this notion to rest with what has been called “unambiguous evidence” of water across the surface of the moon.
The new findings, detailed in the Sept. 25 issue of the journal Science, come in the wake of further evidence of lunar polar water ice by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and just weeks before the planned lunar impact of NASA’s LCROSS satellite, which will hit one of the permanently shadowed craters at the moon’s south pole in hope of churning up evidence of water ice deposits in the debris field.
The moon remains drier than any desert on Earth, but the water is said to exist on the moon in very small quantities. One ton of the top layer of the lunar surface would hold about 32 ounces of water, researchers said.
“If the water molecules are as mobile as we think they are — even a fraction of them — they provide a mechanism for getting water to those permanently shadowed craters,” said planetary geologist Carle Pieters of Brown University in Rhode Island, who led one of the three studies in Science on the lunar find, in a statement. “This opens a whole new avenue [of lunar research], but we have to understand the physics of it to utilize it.”
Finding water on the moon would be a boon to possible future lunar bases, acting as a potential source of drinking water and fuel.
Apollo turns up dry
When Apollo astronauts returned from the moon 40 years ago, they brought back several samples of lunar rocks.
The moon rocks were analyzed for signs of water bound to minerals present in the rocks; while trace amounts of water were detected, these were assumed to be contamination from Earth, because the containers the rocks came back in had leaked.
“The isotopes of oxygen that exist on the moon are the same as those that exist on Earth, so it was difficult if not impossible to tell the difference between water from the moon and water from Earth,” said Larry Taylor of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, who is a member of one of the NASA-built instrument teams for India’s Chandrayaan-1 satellite and has studied the moon since the Apollo missions.
While scientists continued to suspect that water ice deposits could be found in the coldest spots of south pole craters that never saw sunlight, the consensus became that the rest of the moon was bone dry.
But new observations of the lunar surface made with Chandrayaan-1, NASA’s Cassini spacecraft, and NASA’s Deep Impact probe, are calling that consensus into question, with multiple detections of the spectral signal of either water or the hydroxyl group (an oxygen and hydrogen chemically bonded).
Three spacecraft
Chandrayaan-1, India’s first-ever moon probe, was aimed at mapping the lunar surface and determining its mineral composition (the orbiter’s mission ended 14 months prematurely in August after an abrupt malfunction). While the probe was still active, its NASA-built Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) detected wavelengths of light reflected off the surface that indicated the chemical bond between hydrogen and oxygen — the telltale sign of either water or hydroxyl.
Because M3 can only penetrate the top few millimeters of lunar regolith, the newly observed water seems to be at or near the lunar surface. M3’s observations also showed that the water signal got stronger toward the polar regions. Pieters is the lead investigator for the M3 instrument on Chandrayaan-1.
Cassini, which passed by the moon in 1999 on its way to Saturn, provides confirmation of this signal with its own slightly stronger detection of the water/hydroxyl signal. The water would have to be absorbed or trapped in the glass and minerals at the lunar surface, wrote Roger Clark of the U.S. Geological Survey in the study detailing Cassini’s findings.
The Cassini data shows a global distribution of the water signal, though it also appears stronger near the poles (and low in the lunar maria).
Finally, the Deep Impact spacecraft, as part of its extended EPOXI mission and at the request of the M3 team, made infrared detections of water and hydroxyl as part of a calibration exercise during several close approaches of the Earth-Moon system en route to its planned flyby of comet 103P/Hartley 2 in November 2010.
Deep Impact detected the signal at all latitudes above 10 degrees N, though once again, the poles showed the strongest signals. With its multiple passes, Deep Impact was able to observe the same regions at different times of the lunar day. At noon, when the sun’s rays were strongest, the water feature was lowest, while in the morning, the feature was stronger.
“The Deep Impact observations of the Moon not only unequivocally confirm the presence of [water/hydroxyl] on the lunar surface, but also reveal that the entire lunar surface is hydrated during at least some portion of the lunar day,” the authors wrote in their study.
The findings of all three spacecraft “provide unambiguous evidence for the presence of hydroxyl or water,” said Paul Lucey of the University of Hawaii in an opinion essay accompanying the three studies. Lucey was not involved in any of the missions.
The new data “prompt a critical reexamination of the notion that the moon is dry. It is not,” Lucey wrote.
Where the water comes from
Combined, the findings show that not only is the moon hydrated, the process that makes it so is a dynamic one that is driven by the daily changes in solar radiation hitting any given spot on the surface.
The sun might also have something to do with how the water got there.
There are potentially two types of water on the moon: that brought from outside sources, such as water-bearing comets striking the surface, or that that originates on the moon.
This second, endogenic, source is thought to possibly come from the interaction of the solar wind with moon rocks and soils.
The rocks and regolith that make up the lunar surface are about 45 percent oxygen (combined with other elements as mostly silicate minerals). The solar wind — the constant stream of charged particles emitted by the sun — are mostly protons, or positively charged hydrogen atoms.
If the charged hydrogens, which are traveling at one-third the speed of light, hit the lunar surface with enough force, they break apart oxygen bonds in soil materials, Taylor, the M3 team member suspects. Where free oxygen and hydrogen exist, there is a high chance that trace amounts of water will form.
The various study researchers also suggest that the daily dehydration and rehydration of the trace water across the surface could lead to the migration of hydroxyl and hydrogen towards the poles where it can accumulate in the cold traps of the permanently shadowed regions.
Tags: discovered, earth, Evidence, Impact, Lunar, moon, NASA, on, Scientists, Spacecraft, Water, Water on Moon
Large Extra Dimensions At Reach Next Year!
Posted by admin | Filed under Science
A new public document has been made available on the CMS public web page yesterday morning. It reports on a study of the reach of the CMS detector, with data collectable in 2010, for a signal of large extra dimensions, using the very distinctive signature of a high-energy jet recoiling against -well, recoiling against nothing; or better, something which left our world and entered into another dimension of space.
I expect many of you may have already started wondering what the heck I am talking about, so please allow me give you a little background. In 1998 three prominent theorists -Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali- put forth a hypothesis of the existence of large spatial extra-dimensions -where “large” means large on a microscopic scale, but still undetectable in everyday life. Their idea was that if extra dimensions existed beyond the three spatial ones we feel we live in, a few problems of our current understanding of subnuclear physics could be solved.
If extra spatial dimensions existed, we could have missed them if they were still small for us -on the scale of a millimeter or less. General physics experiments, such as tests of the law of gravity at the millimeter scale -which could be revealing because these additional space dimensions would cause the breaking down of the inverse square law of gravitational attraction- are hard to perform, so the possibility is still there that they exist. And to such a length of scale there corresponds a specific energy at which the resulting effects on subnuclear physics might become evident: it turns out that such energy is one reachable by the LHC experiments.
One of the reasons why the theory is appealing is that it explains away one of the riddles we try to forget about -the fact that gravity is so weak if compared to the three other forces of Nature. In fact, gravity does not even enter in the Standard Model of particle physics, because it is irrelevant there -particles feel electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions with a strength many orders of magnitude larger than their gravitational interaction.
If extra dimensions exists, the explanation becomes obvious: gravity is weak because it extends into the other dimensions, while we live on a four-dimensional “sheet” (a brane) in this multi-dimensional space. If you have not studied quantum mechanics, the above could still sound mysterious, but just think of a drop of red dye on a pool of water, and a drop of oil on the same pool. You can see the oil because it distributes on a thin layer (our “brane” if we are lake bugs), but you will not easily detect a reddening of the whole water volume, because the drop of dye mixes with all of it (the bulk). Now, if we live on the surface of the water, to us the drop of paint makes little difference, while we do feel the layer of oil!
Large extra dimensions have been repeatedly searched at the Tevatron collider by the CDF and DZERO experiments with the large datasets of proton-antiproton collisions they collected so far, with little success. The clearest signature consists in a quark or a gluon of very high energy, which recoils at large angle from the colliding beams, against a hypothetical graviton. What you see is a narrow jet of collimated hadrons produced when the quark or gluon fragments into observable particles, and nothing on the side opposite to the jet: the graviton left our three dimensions to enter the “bulk” of extra dimensions off the three-dimensional sheet where we live.
The signature of a jet of high energy apparently violating the conservation of total momentum is striking, and there are very few -and rare- known processes that can give rise to it. The violation of momentum arises because the protons collide along the beam axis -let us take it to be the z axis- and thus the initial state has zero momentum in the xy plane; on the other hand, the high-energy jet carries away momentum largely in the xy plane, and is not balanced by anything recoiling in the opposite direction.
The paper by CMS is interesting and discusses a promising avenue for finally finding new physics beyond the Standard Model. It focuses on data collectable by the LHC experiments during 2010, making the hypothesis that by the end of next year we will have 200 inverse picobarns of 10-TeV proton-proton collisions to analyze in search for a LED signature. 200 inverse picobarns are about 20 trillion proton-proton collisions, but since these large extra dimensions hide at high energy -corresponding to the smallness of these additional dimensions of space-, only few events would be seen attributable to those processes.
Despite the fact that CDF and DZERO already have thirty times more data to work on, the CMS reach on LEDs is significantly larger, because of the five-fold increase in energy. This is due to the fact that we are considering an effect that “turns on” at high energy, and so the Tevatron might indeed be simply unable to ignite it. So far, CDF and DZERO have only excluded LEDs up to a energy scale of about 1 TeV (1.4 TeV for the most significant search, but only for the case of two extra dimensions).
The figure below shows a distribution of the MHT, the variable which will be studied by CMS in its 2010 dataset to search for large extra dimensions. MHT is a vectorial sum of the jet momenta in the transverse plane, and it is shown for events coming from several background sources and for the signal. The vectorial sum in the xy plane should be small -consistent with zero within experimental errors- if there is no particle leaving the detector unseen (such as is the case for the background labeled “QCD” and shown in purple); in case of a graviton escaping to other dimensions (the blue histogram), the MHT is instead large.
Of course, many background processes have to be studied to size up the expected yield of “suspicious” events. The nastiest is the production of a Z boson recoiling against a high-energy jet: when the Z boson decays to a pair of neutrinos -something that happens about 20% of the time- it effectively “disappears” much like the graviton, since neutrinos do not interact with the detector and leave unseen, producing a large value of MHT. The CMS analysis demonstrated that such a background can be sized up by studying a similar process, the production of a W boson plus a jet. By counting W decays to a muon-neutrino pair, and computing the MHT it produces if we ignore the muon in the sum, we can estimate the Z->nu nu + jet background in a way which is much less reliant on Monte Carlo simulations. This is illustrated in the figure below, where you can see the MHT distribution one would be looking at with 200/pb of data, due to the irreducible Z background (estimated by MC, in red). This is compared to the estimate produced by the analysis of W events discussed in the paper (in blue), a “data-driven” method. The two distributions match closely, demonstrating the correctness of the method.
The final result of the analysis is the table below, showing the discovery reach for LEDs as a function of the scale of the extra dimensions, , and their number
. One can thus see that CMS can find, with observation-level significance (
), large extra dimensions with scales of up to 3 TeV and less than 200 inverse picobarns of data.
Another way to see the reach of CMS is to plot the integrated luminosity that is needed in order to find large extra dimensions, as a function of their mass scale, and for different values of the parameter delta (the number of extra dimensions). This is shown in the figure on the right.
On a personal note, I have to say that the paper is very carefully written, both in form and content. That, of course, is because I was the chair of the review committee who sheperded it to publication… Jokes aside, I wish to thank the authors of this important new study for their work and for the patience with which they dealt with the comments and corrections my review committee continued to send them until the last minute. The main authors of the study are L. Benucci, M. Cardaci, A. De Roeck, U. Enrah Surat, L. Sala, and L. Vergili.
Tags: Dimensions, Extra, Extradimensional, large, NASA, Next, Physics, Quantum, Space, Year
2009 Live Shuttle Atlantis Video Shows UFO’s?
Posted by admin | Filed under NASA, Uncategorized
Space shuttle Atlantis has been launched from the Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.The launch happened on 2:01 p.m. EDT on May 11th,2009.The 11-day mission needs five spacewalks to refurbish and upgrade the NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.And this has been dubbed as the most dangerous shuttle mission ever.The shuttle carried a crew of seven.
Watch NASA TV live video on Atlantis Space Shuttle Launch on May 11, 2009.
UFO’s are clearly visible in this live feed.
Tags: 2009, ALiens, Atlantis, Feed, Hubble, NASA, Shuttle, Telescope, UFO, Video
NASA chief: Moon base first, then Mars
Posted by admin | Filed under NASA
NASA chief: Moon base first, then Mars
‘We have to be confident … before we send astronauts to Mars’
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Spacesuit engineer Dustin Gohmert simulates work in a crater of Johnson Space Center’s Lunar Yard, while his ride, NASA’s new lunar truck prototype, stands ready in the background. The rover has the ability to lower itself all the way to the ground, making climbing on and off easy — even in a bulky spacesuit.
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GLASGOW, Scotland – NASA Administrator Michael D. Griffin defended his agency’s determination to establish a lunar colony before embarking on a manned Mars mission Sept. 30, arguing that those who prefer to focus only on Mars are overestimating what is known about the moon and underestimating the difficulties of going to Mars.
Addressing the International Astronautical Congress here, Griffin said the U.S. Apollo program spent a total of just 27 working days on the moon, which he said is as big as Africa and merits substantially more exploration.
Several space agencies, including some in Europe, say their scientists are much less interested in the moon than in Mars and that, since doing both is beyond their means, are weighing whether to focus on Mars
Griffin wondered whether those pushing Mars-oriented efforts are fully cognizant of the difficulties of sending astronauts to Mars, and the amount of preparation needed before a mission is pursued.
Griffin said that before any attempt to send a crew to Mars is made, the sponsoring agency or agencies must at least be able to conduct the following mission: Send astronauts to the international space station for a six- or nine-month visit, after which they would be sent to the moon for a similar amount of time, equipped with no additional supplies beyond those sent with them to the station.
Once they completed their moon visit, this same group of astronauts would return directly to the space station for another six- to nine-month visit, again with no resupply.
Only then would they return home. Griffin said this mission would simulate what it will take to send astronauts to Mars and return them home.
“I am not saying that we have to have conducted such a mission, but that we have to be confident in our ability to conduct it before we send astronauts to Mars,” Griffin said. “Otherwise, the crew we send to Mars will not come back.”
Tags: Astronauts, Base, Glasgow, Lunar, Mars, moon, NASA, prototype, Scotland, Space
UFO Investigators Flock to Stephenville, Texas
Posted by admin | Filed under Alien, UFO Phenomenon
UFO Investigators Flock to Stephenville, Texas
Investigation Opens After 30 Residents Claim They Saw a UFO Flying Over Their Town
CLICK FOR VIDEO.Not Just Tabloid News
More than 30 residents of Stephenville, Texas, claim to have seen a UFO, described as a mile-wide, silent object with bright lights, flying low and fast. And now it’s actual front-page news. So what was it? “It was very intense, bright lights,” said local newspaper reporter Angela Joyner.
“The lights were like going like this,” said Constable Leroy Gateman making hand gestures to describe what he saw when he spotted the UFO. Rick Sorrells says he saw it while he was hunting deer in the woods. “You look at the trees, and it was right here,” Sorrells told ABC News correspondent Mike Von Fremd as he showed him the location in the woods where he spotted the UFO. Steve Allen, a 50-year-old pilot, was at a campfire with friends and says the object was a mile long and half a mile wide. “I don’t know if it was a biblical experience or somebody from a different universe or whatever but it was definitely not from around these parts,” Allen said. Allen drew a sketch of the object, which he said traveled at amazing speed without making a sound. While drawing, Allen told Von Fremd that he saw “an arch shape converted in a vertical shape, and then it split and made two of them, and then these turned into just fire and it was gone.” A spokesman for the 301st Fighter Wing in Fort Worth says no aircraft from his base was in the area, and says the objects may have been an illusion caused by two commercial airplanes. But those who saw the lights don’t buy that explanation. “It’s an unidentified flying object,” insisted a former Air Force technician. “It was so fast I couldn’t track it with my binoculars,” said Gateman. 
Constable Leroy Gateman describes what he saw in the sky. Some in Stephenville are a bit embarrassed about all the attention. “It’s crazy,” said one teenage girl in town.
Tags: ABC, ALiens, Flying, Investigators, MUFON, NASA, Texas, UFO, UFO Investigators Flock to Stephenville
White House Briefed, Life on Mars?
Posted by admin | Filed under Alien, NASA
The surface zones where samples have been excavated by Phoenix (NASA)
It would appear that the US President has been briefed by Phoenix scientists about the discovery of something more “provocative” than the discovery of water existing on the Martian surface. This news comes just as the Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) confirmedexperimental evidence for the existence of water in the Mars regolith on Thursday. Whilst NASA scientists are not claiming that life once existed on the Red Planet’s surface, new data appears to indicate the “potential for life” more conclusively than the TEGA water results. Apparently these new results are being kept under wraps until further, more detailed analysis can be carried out, but we are assured that this announcement will be huge…
So why is there all this secrecy? According to scientists in communication with Aviation Week & Space Technology, the next big discovery will need to be mulled over for a while before it is announced to the world. In fact, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory science team for the MECA wet-chemistry instrument that made these undisclosed findings were kept out of the July 31st news conference (confirming water) so additional analysis could be carried out, avoiding any questions that may have revealed their preliminary results. They have also made the decision to discuss the results with the Bush Administration’s Presidential Science Advisor’s office before a press conference between mid-August and early September.
Although good news, Thursday’s announcement of the discovery of water on Mars comes as no surprise to mission scientists and some are amused by the media’s reaction to the TEGA results. “They have discovered water on Mars for the third or fourth time,” one senior Mars scientist joked. These new MECA results are, according to the Phoenix team, a little more complex than the water “discovery.” Scientists are keen to point out however, that this secretive news will in no way indicate the existence of life (past or present) on Mars; Phoenix simply is not equipped make this discovery. What it can do is test the Mars soil for compounds suitable to support life. The MECA instrument does have microscopes capable of resolving bacterial-scale life forms however, but this is not the focus of the forthcoming announcement, sources say.
This new MECA discovery, combined with TEGA data will probably expose something more compelling, completing another piece of the puzzle in the search for the correct conditions for life as we know it to survive on Mars. Critical to this search is to understand how the recently confirmed water and Mars regolith behave together under the Phoenix lander in the cold Martian arctic.
The MECA instrument had already made the landmark discovery that Mars “soil” was much like the soil more familiar on Earth. This finding prompted scientists to indicate that the minerals and pH levels in the regolith could support some terrestrial plants, indicating this would be useful for future Mars settlers.
What with the discovery of water, and the discovery that Mars soil is very much like the stuff we find on Earth, it is hard to guess as to what the MECA’s second soil test has discovered. What ever it is, it sounds pretty significant, especially as NASA and the University of Arizona are taking extraordinary steps to avoid any more details being leaked to the outside world. I just hope were not getting excited over something benign…
Tags: Alien, bush, Discovery, JET, JPL, Life, Life on mars, Mars, NASA, Phoenix scientists, UFO, White house
Astronaut Claims Alien Contact
Posted by admin | Filed under Alien, NASA, UFO Phenomenon
“there has been visitation”
July 24, 2008 12:01am
FORMER NASA astronaut and moon-walker Dr Edgar Mitchell – a veteran of the Apollo 14 mission – has stunningly claimed aliens exist.
And he says extra-terrestrials have visited Earth on several occasions – but the alien contact has been repeatedly covered up by governments for six decades.
Dr Mitchell, 77, said during a radio interview that sources at the space agency who had had contact with aliens described the beings as ‘little people who look strange to us.’
He said supposedly real-life ET’s were similar to the traditional image of a small frame, large eyes and head.
Chillingly, he claimed our technology is “not nearly as sophisticated” as theirs and “had they been hostile”, he warned “we would be been gone by now”.
Tags: Alien Contact, Astronaut, Cover-up, Dr. Edgar Mitchell, NASA, Roswell, UFO
Astronaut admits to seeing UFO.
Posted by admin | Filed under NASA, UFO Phenomenon
Those in conspiracy circles talk about NASA and the possibility of a UFO/alien coverup, but where’s the evidence? The idea that NASA knows about UFO’s takes on a little more credibility when an astronaut has their own UFO experience while in space.
Astronaut Buzz Aldrin admitted to seeing a UFO while on the Apollo 11 mission. It’s a little harder to shove Mr. Aldrin aside as a crackpot.
Tags: Aldrin, Apollo 11, Astronaut, Buzz, Conspiracy, NASA, Truth, UFO
